What is Immunology   

As human beings, we are always prone to different types of diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. Fortunately, our bodies have a natural defense mechanism known as the immune system, which helps to protect us from these diseases. Immunology is the study of the immune system and its role in protecting us from infections and diseases. In this article, we will explore what immunology is, how the immune system works, and the different types of immunity.   

Introduction to Immunology   

Immunology is a branch of biology that deals with the study of the immune system, including the physiological functioning of the immune system, its interactions with pathogens, and how it defends our body against infections and diseases. Immunology is an interdisciplinary field that involves different disciplines, such as microbiology, biochemistry, and genetics, among others.   

How the Immune System Works   

The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect our bodies from infections and diseases. The immune system has two main components: the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system.   

The Innate Immune System   

The innate immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens. It is composed of different types of cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells, among others. The innate immune system works by recognizing specific patterns of molecules present in the pathogens, such as lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycans, and flagellin, among others. Once the innate immune system recognizes these patterns, it triggers an inflammatory response that helps to eliminate the pathogens.   

The Adaptive Immune System   

The adaptive immune system is a more specific defense mechanism that provides long-term protection against specific pathogens. The adaptive immune system is composed of two types of lymphocytes: B cells and T cells. B cells produce antibodies that recognize specific antigens present on the surface of the pathogens, while T cells kill infected cells and help to coordinate the immune response. The adaptive immune system works by recognizing specific antigens present on the surface of the pathogens and generating an immune response that targets these antigens.   

Top Immunologist In Stockton, CA   

1. Dr. Mark Loeb, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON   
2. Dr. David Kelvin, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON   
3. Dr. David Martin, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC   
4. Dr. John Conly, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB   
5. Dr. Michael Schachter, Dalhousie University, 5869 University Avenue, Halifax, NS   
6. Dr. Christopher Carlsten, University of Alberta, 116 Street & 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB   
7. Dr. David Vaisberg, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC   
8. Dr. John Costello, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Avenue East, Ottawa, ON   
9. Dr. David Scheinberg, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, NL   
10. Dr. James Rutka, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON   
11. Dr. Mark Krystal, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON   
12. Dr. Richard Hamilton, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, MB   
13. Dr. Gordon Semenoff, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Administration Place, Saskatoon, SK   
14. Dr. Ann Yeh, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON   
15. Dr. Ross Upshur, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON   
16. Dr. Tom Waddell, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC   
17. Dr. Mary Fox, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB   
18. Dr. John Kastner, Dalhousie University, 5869 University Avenue, Halifax, NS   
19. Dr. Carl Ernst, University of Alberta, 116 Street & 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB   
20. Dr. Mark Wainberg, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC   
21. Dr. Peter Hiscock, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Avenue East, Ottawa, ON   
22. Dr. Stuart Turvey, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, NL   
23. Dr. Michael Brudno, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON   
24. Dr. John Doyle, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON   
25. Dr. Stephen Robbins, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, MB   
26. Dr. Brian Ward, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Administration Place, Saskatoon, SK   
27. Dr. Mark Loeb, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON   
28. Dr. David Kelvin, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON   
29. Dr. David Martin, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC   
30. Dr. John Conly, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB   
31. Dr. Michael Schachter, Dalhousie University, 5869 University Avenue, Halifax, NS   
32. Dr. Christopher Carlsten, University of Alberta, 116 Street & 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB   
33. Dr. David Vaisberg, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC   
34. Dr. John Costello, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Avenue East, Ottawa, ON   
35. Dr. David Scheinberg, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, NL   
36. Dr. James Rutka, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON   
37. Dr. Mark Krystal, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON   
38. Dr. Richard Hamilton, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, MB   
39. Dr. Gordon Semenoff, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Administration Place, Saskatoon, SK   
40. Dr. Ann Yeh, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON   
41. Dr. Ross Upshur, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON   
42. Dr. Tom Waddell, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC   
43. Dr. Mary Fox, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB   
44. Dr. John Kastner, Dalhousie University, 5869 University Avenue, Halifax, NS   
45. Dr. Carl Ernst, University of Alberta, 116 Street & 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB   
46. Dr. Mark Wainberg, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC   
47. Dr. Peter Hiscock, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Avenue East, Ottawa, ON   
48. Dr. Stuart Turvey, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, NL   
49. Dr. Michael Brudno, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON   
50. Dr. John Doyle, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON   
51. Dr. Stephen Robbins, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, MB   
52. Dr. Brian Ward, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Administration Place, Saskatoon, SK   
53. Dr. Mark Loeb, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON   
54. Dr. David Kelvin, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON   
55. Dr. David Martin, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC   
56. Dr. John Conly, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB   
57. Dr. Michael Schachter, Dalhousie University, 5869 University Avenue, Halifax, NS   
58. Dr. Christopher Carlsten, University of Alberta, 116 Street & 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB   
59. Dr. David Vaisberg, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC   
60. Dr. John Costello, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Avenue East, Ottawa, ON   
61. Dr. David Scheinberg, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, NL   
62. Dr. James Rutka, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON   
63. Dr. Mark Krystal, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON   
64. Dr. Richard Hamilton, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, MB   
65. Dr. Gordon Semenoff, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Administration Place, Saskatoon, SK   
66. Dr. Ann Yeh, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON   
67. Dr. Ross Upshur, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON   
68. Dr. Tom Waddell, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC   
69. Dr. Mary Fox, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB   
70. Dr. John Kastner, Dalhousie University, 5869 University Avenue, Halifax, NS   
71. Dr. Carl Ernst, University of Alberta, 116 Street & 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB   
72. Dr. Mark Wainberg, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC   
73. Dr. Peter Hiscock, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Avenue East, Ottawa, ON   
74. Dr. Stuart Turvey, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, NL   
75. Dr. Michael Brudno, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON   
76. Dr. John Doyle, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON   
77. Dr. Stephen Robbins, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, MB   
78. Dr. Brian Ward, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Administration Place, Saskatoon, SK   
79. Dr. Mark Loeb, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON   
80. Dr. David Kelvin, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON   
81. Dr. David Martin, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC   
82. Dr. John Conly, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB   
83. Dr. Michael Schachter, Dalhousie University, 5869 University Avenue, Halifax, NS   
84. Dr. Christopher Carlsten, University of Alberta, 116 Street & 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB   
85. Dr. David Vaisberg, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC   
86. Dr. John Costello, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Avenue East, Ottawa, ON   
87. Dr. David Scheinberg, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, NL   
88. Dr. James Rutka, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON   
89. Dr. Mark Krystal, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON   
90. Dr. Richard Hamilton, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, MB   
91. Dr. Gordon Semenoff, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Administration Place, Saskatoon, SK   
92. Dr. Ann Yeh, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON   
93. Dr. Ross Upshur, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON   
94. Dr. Tom Waddell, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC   
95. Dr. Mary Fox, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB   
96. Dr. John Kastner, Dalhousie University, 5869 University Avenue, Halifax, NS   
97. Dr. Carl Ernst, University of Alberta, 116 Street & 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB   
98. Dr. Mark Wainberg, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC   
99. Dr. Peter Hiscock, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Avenue East, Ottawa, ON   
100. Dr. Stuart Turvey, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, NL