What is Immunology?
Immunology is the study of the immune system, which is the body's natural defense mechanism against foreign invaders. It involves the investigation of the interactions between the immune system and foreign substances, such as pathogens, allergens, and cancer cells.
History of Immunology
Immunology has a long and fascinating history. Ancient Greek and Roman physicians recognized that some individuals recovered from certain diseases and could not get them again. They speculated that the recovery could be due to the body's ability to develop immunity to the disease. However, it wasn't until the late 19th century that the scientific basis of immunology was established.
In 1881, the Russian microbiologist Elie Metchnikoff discovered the phagocytic cells, which engulf and digest bacteria and other foreign substances. Later, in 1890, the German physician Emil von Behring and his colleague Shibasaburo Kitasato discovered antitoxins, which are antibodies produced in response to toxins produced by bacteria. This discovery laid the foundation for the development of vaccines and immunotherapy
Popular Immunologist In New York
Dr. Michel Nussenzweig - The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
Dr. Dan Littman - New York University School of Medicine, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10016
Dr. Jeffrey Ravetch - The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
Dr. Charles Rice - The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
Dr. Barry Coller - Rockefeller University Hospital, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
Dr. K. Frank Austen - Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115
Dr. Jordan S. Orange - Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032
Dr. James E. Crowe Jr. - Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232
Dr. Michael S. Diamond - Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110
Dr. Peter Palese - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
Dr. Donna Farber - Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032
Dr. Matthew Krummel - University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143
Dr. Miriam Merad - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
Dr. Carl June - University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104
Dr. Yasmine Belkaid - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
Dr. Michel C. Nussenzweig - The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
Dr. David Baltimore - California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125
Dr. Lewis Lanier - University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143
Dr. David Artis - Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
Dr. John Wherry - University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104
Dr. Bali Pulendran - Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
Dr. Max Cooper - Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322
Dr. Eric Pamer - Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
Dr. Timothy Mosmann - University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642
Dr. Susan Swain - University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655
Dr. Akiko Iwasaki - Yale School of Medicine, 10 Amistad Street, New Haven, CT 06519
Dr. Shannon Turley - Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080
Dr. David Hafler - Yale School of Medicine, 10 Amistad Street, New Haven, CT 06519
Dr. Tadatsugu Taniguchi - University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
Dr. Alexander Rudensky - Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
Dr. Kevan Shokat - University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143
Dr. Ellen Vitetta - University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390
Dr. Alan Aderem - Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101
Dr. Laurie Glimcher - Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215
Dr. David Masopust - University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
Dr. Richard Flavell - Yale School of Medicine, 10 Amistad Street, New Haven, CT 06519
Dr. Irving Weissman - Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
Dr. Fred Hirsch - Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903
Dr. Miriam Levy - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104
Dr. Zoltan Fehervari - University of Oxford, Medical Sciences Division, University Offices, Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
Dr. Jordan Pober - Yale School of Medicine, 10 Amistad Street, New Haven, CT 06519
Dr. Frederick Alt - Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115
Dr. Jeffrey Bluestone - University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143
Dr. David Usharovich - University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35233
Dr. Diane Mathis - Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115
Dr. John O'Shea - National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
Dr. Arthur Weiss - University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143
Dr. Jacques Banchereau - Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, 3434 Live Oak Street, Dallas, TX 75204
Dr. Nina Bhardwaj - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
Dr. Brian Kelsall - Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York
Dr. Derya Unutmaz - Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT 06032
Dr. Maria Grazia Roncarolo - Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
Dr. Randolph Noelle - Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756
Dr. Jonathan Powell - Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205
Dr. Christian Becker - University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
Dr. Chris Goodnow - Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
Dr. Shiv Pillai - Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115
Dr. Robert Schreiber - Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110
Dr. K. Frank Austen - Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115
Dr. Michael Croft - La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037
Dr. Paul Klotman - Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
Dr. Charles Janeway Jr. - Yale School of Medicine, 10 Amistad Street, New Haven, CT 06519
Dr. Abul Abbas - University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143
Dr. Steven Ziegler - Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101
Dr. Paul Allen - Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110
Dr. Anjana Rao - La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037
Dr. Vishva Dixit - Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080
Dr. Jerrold Turner - Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115
Dr. Yasmine Belkaid - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 33 North Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
Dr. Elizabeth Jaffee - Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733